THE IMPACT OF WESTERN SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA

This article explores the impact of Western sanctions on Russia. Since the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis in February 2022, Western countries have imposed several rounds of economic sanctions on Russia in the fields of finance, trade, energy, technology, logistics, etc. On the first anniversary of the escalation of the crisis, the sanctions were upgraded from the comprehensive first-level sanctions in 2022 to substantive second-level sanctions, prompting Russia to accelerate the transformation of its economic development model and reconstruct its foreign economic and trade relations. This article explores the impact of sanctions on Russia by analyzing the changes in Russia's trade partners before and after the sanctions.