ВЛИЯНИЕ НЕФТЯНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ НА ВОДНУЮ СРЕДУ

Oil has been a vital part of human history for an incredibly long time. From the beginning, it has accompanied people through history, and with the rise of the oil industry, people have enjoyed opportunities that were previously unattainable. However, along with this development, oil has also brought dangers, many of which are related to the marine environment. In the oil industry, water is primarily used as a fluid injected into reservoirs to maintain reservoir pressure. For this purpose, water from various sources, such as aquifers, rivers, and lakes, is used. One of the important parameters of injected water is its mineral content. In the event of problems related to leakage of highly saline water into the environment and subsequent entry into reservoirs, this can have a negative impact on the inhabitants of the reservoir, who are accustomed to different water conditions. More dangerous cases involve oil itself entering the water. This is because oil, due to its chemical composition, has a significant impact on the entire area where it enters the water. In addition to the chemical effects, there are also physical effects caused by oil particles in the aquatic environment. These particles settle on the surface of water, forming a film that can refract light or prevent it from entering deeper waters. Oil also has biological effects on organisms living in water, causing plants to die. Some microsized organisms also die, while higher organisms such as fish and birds face difficulties, including reduced populations, forced migration, and sometimes death. Summarizing the effects of oil on aquatic environments, its destructive nature cannot be ignored. Oil kills and degrades living organisms, destroying aquatic ecosystems. It also has a negative impact on water flows in reservoirs. The threats posed by oil are among the most significant elements that need to be anticipated and prevented during the extraction of "black gold".