АЛМАЗЫ: КАК ОНИ ОБРАЗУЮТСЯ, ГДЕ ИХ ДОБЫВАЮТ И ЧТО НАМ ГОВОРИТ О НИХ ИХ ВОЗРАСТ

This article examines the process of transporting diamonds from kimberlites from depth, highlighting their survival due to the peculiarities of this process. The uniqueness of kimberlites is that they do not completely dissolve diamonds, which allows them to retain their structure. In addition, the rapid eruption and low oxidation of kimberlites contribute to the efficient transport and preservation of diamonds. The article also examines diamond mining in Guyana, noting small but high-quality diamonds, including rare specimens weighing up to 10 carats. Particular attention is paid to green diamonds, their origin and radioactive damage, particularly in the context of their color and chemical composition. This paper presents an updated concept of cratons as stable areas of the continental crust, based on teleseismic studies and characterizing them as basements underlying the lithospheric mantle at a depth of 150-200 km. Studying the ages of diamonds, their connections to cratons and continental roots emphasizes the origin of the stones from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The article also examines the formation of diamonds throughout Earth's history in the context of tectonic processes and emphasizes the importance of dating for understanding the past and evolution of land masses. Such analyzes are becoming key to uncovering the history of the Earth's crust and mantle, as well as to understanding the processes underlying the formation of the oldest and most stable areas of the Earth's surface.