Between Sanctions and Solidarity: Iran's Approach to Ethnic and Religious Diversity under International Pressure

This article analyzes the dynamics of national solidarity in Iran under international sanctions. The question is how sanctions pressure affects solidarity among different ethnic groups. Using a mixed method that combines a qualitative assessment of the historical context, the study finds that sanctions strengthen national solidarity despite economic hardship. Periods of increased sanctions are accompanied by an increase in solidarity, which confirms the reactive nature of this consolidation. Ethnic and cultural diversity is used as a strategic resource to increase social resilience. Thus, solidarity plays a key role in strengthening national unity and sustainable development in Iran.