Digital Twins in Graphene’ Technology

The Digital Twins concept in science has a long history that goes back to the beginnings of now widely accepted modelling. The ever-expanding amount of digital data accompanying modelling could not but cause a qualitative transition from modelling, subordinated to the goal of reproducing a real object, to an equal-right Digital Twins concept that offers an independent view of the real object. This chapter presents the first example of such a conceptual rethinking, using the example of material science of high-tech graphene materials. © 2023 Russian Academy of Natural Science. All rights reserved.