Toxic effects of aluminum nanoparticles: a review

The objective of this state-of-the-art review is to summarize contemporary data on the potential toxic effects of aluminum nanoparticles (AlNPs) and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms. In vivo studies using laboratory rodents demonstrate that lungs, liver, brain, and the immune system are the primary targets for AlNPs toxicity. Specifically, inhalation exposure to AlNPs induces lung damage by promoting inflammatory infiltration, airway remodeling, septal thickening, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.