Synthesis and characterization of carbon based polymer composites reinforced with MWCNTs and graphite in PVDF matrix

Lightweight polymer composites have drawn a lot of interest because of their improved mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, which make them perfect for cutting-edge engineering applications. This work reports the synthesis of hybrid polymer composites by integrating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The synergistic effect of MWCNTs and graphite nanoparticles was explored to achieve improved structural and functional performance. The composites were synthesised using a solution casting method to ensure dispersion of the fillers within the polymer matrix. The fabricated composite was characterized using XRD, FTIR, EDS and FESEM to evaluate its structural, compositional, morphological and elemental properties. XRD confirmed the nanofillers’ crystalline phases and structural integrity within the polymer matrix. FTIR spectroscopy identified the characteristic functional groups, verifying interactions between PVDF and the incorporated nanofillers. FESEM images revealed a fibrous CNT network blended within the PVDF polymer matrix and distinct graphite flakes, ensuring uniform dispersion and adhesion. EDS confirmed the elemental composition, highlighting the presence of carbon and fluorine as primary constituents. These combined techniques provide comprehensive insight into the composite’s composition, structure and potential functional properties for advanced applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.