Influence of Technological and Regional Factors on Protective and Aesthetic Functions of Facade Glazing in Multi-Story Office Buildings

The study aimed to determine the influence of technological, social, economic, and regulatory factors on protective and aesthetic functions in building facade glazing design. Based on the research (the main methods of collecting information were document analysis and an expert survey), the authors determined the facade indicators that perform aesthetic and protective functions, including the function of thermal protection and energy generation and the function of providing sunlight to illuminate the interior of the building and protect it against excessive overheating. Technologies and measures to facilitate their implementation were identified. The prerequisite for the study was the importance of glass in the appearance and space of a modern city. The authors identified the key indicators of glazed facades, including thermal protection, solar lighting, and innovative technologies, such as thermal mirrors and filling the gap with gas. The results confirmed the effectiveness of modern glazing technologies for sustainable architecture in an extreme continental climate and demonstrated the importance of traditions, trends, and economic factors. The results can be used in building façade design to achieve the principles of sustainable development. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.