The role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 as a biological marker in heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is an important medical, social and economic problem. The study of new biological markers deepens our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. In modern cardiology, there is a growing interest in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes play an important role in tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, as well as in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze current experimental and clinical data on MMP-9 as a new diagnostic and prognostic marker in HF. This review presents an analysis of modern publications on a given topic. We conducted an analysis of literature sources covering all important materials as of 01.12.2024. Experimental studies have established that MMP-9 is a key participant in cardiac remodeling, since it is directly involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins and the activation of profibrotic pathways, as well as cytokines and chemokines. Clinical trial data indicate the significant importance of MMP-9 for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with HF. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.