Prospects for the generative artificial intelligence application in surgery, traumatology and orthopedics

The review considers the use of generative artificial intelligence technologies in surgery, traumatology and orthopedics. Definitions of key generative artificial intelligence technologies are given, as well as the difference between discriminative and generative models of artificial intelligence. An analysis of publication activity on the use of generative artificial intelligence in surgery, traumatology and orthopedics in world macroregions is conducted. The potential role of various generative artificial intelligence models at the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stages of healthcare is analyzed. Data on the results of clinical application of generative artificial intelligence and the most common problems associated with the practical use of various generative artificial intelligence applications are provided including issues of quality and safety of surgical care. The review proposes potential solutions and research directions to address these problems. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.