Use of Absorbent Based on Peat Sphagnum in Bioremediation Processes of Urban Ecosystems of the Arctic Zone

Urban ecosystems suffer greatly from the introduction of petroleum products because of economic activities, prohibited methods of their removal from the zone of use, and violations of safety techniques of their operation. Today, biotechnologies based on natural processes of self-regeneration in the environment and the use of materials-adsorbents of natural origin are promising methods of reclaiming soils contaminated with oil products from the economic and ecological point of view. This article investigates the possibility of using peat sphagnum moss to absorb oil pollution in the bioremediation of urban ecosystems of the Arctic zone. The method of using natural origin materials as sorbents in the conditions of Arctic water area for OSR and natural peat was evaluated, data on sorption capacity of materials have been obtained, and the water capacity index of sorbents at T = 21–23 °С (government standard 33,627–2015), at Tо = 10–12 °C, and during t = 30, 60, and 90 min in the model “petroleum spill” has been evaluated. It is necessary to consider the amount of petroleum products polluting the water area and the sorption capacity indicator according to government standards when statistically analyzing the amount of sorbent in an actual situation of soil and water contamination with petroleum products. It is necessary to mention the decrease in the selective properties of materials relative to petroleum products in the seawater-petroleum products complex. During t = 30, 60, and 90 min in the "petroleum spill" model in the water area, the sorbent based on the palustre L. chemical showed the greatest efficiency and stability regarding sorption of petroleum products and peat. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.