Pathogenesis and pathogenetic therapy of benign breast dysplasia in real clinical practice

Proliferative disorders of mammary glands, including both diffuse and nodular forms of benign mammary dysplasia (BMD), remain one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century reproductive medicine. Changes in women’s lifestyle together with the environmental and reproductive discordance heralding new goal-setting in medicine have led to the rapid increase in the prevalence of BMD and breast pain, which, according to the available data, are associated with the significantly increased risk of realization of breast cancer still being the “leader” in morbidity and mortality among all malignant neoplasms in the female population. In this regard, it is necessary to consider pathogenetic features of developing benign mammary dysplasia and breast pain and note modern strategies of personalized, pathogenetically justified therapy in order to ensure effective clinical management of patients in this cohort. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.