Cytotoxicity of Methacrylate – Based Resin Materials in Dentistry

To determine the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of the components of methacrylate-based resin materials. To study the effect on cells and possible protective factors. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The study of up-to-date information from the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate electronic databases was carried out during a systematic review of the literature. Selected and included articles, the content of which concerns the influence of various cellular reactions, resin compositions and their cytotoxicity. Research studies demonstrate that dental composite resins release cytotoxic monomers (BisGMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, HEMA, Bis-EMA) which induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in oral cells through ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Current mitigation strategies focus on improving polymerization efficiency, modifying resin formulations with less toxic components, incorporating antioxidants, and developing bioactive fillers to reduce these adverse effects while maintaining clinical performance. The study of cytotoxicity of methacrylate dental materials is of considerable interest for dentistry and materials science. The results of this work contribute to understanding the interaction of these materials with biological tissues and allow us to assess their safety and potential impact on surrounding tissues. The cytotoxicity of methacrylate materials on various cell types was assessed during the study. The results showed that all resin components exhibit cytotoxic properties, especially with prolonged contact with cells. This may indicate the need for more thorough preparation for the use of materials in order to minimize possible negative effects on the surrounding tissues. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.