Evaluation of VEGF-A, SP-D and MUC-1 expression in poisoning with baclofen and its combination with ethanol

Objective. To detect MUC-1, VEGF-A, SP-D expression in lungs of rats at different times after the administration of baclofen and its combination with ethanol. Results. An increased MUC-1 expression has been noted in presence of the administration of baclofen and its combination with ethanol. MUC-1 caused an enhancement of VEGF-A expression under hypoxia, that has been also observed in all experimental groups. SP-D expression was increased in all experimental groups. Conclusions. Understanding of the processes that occur in lungs of animals in administration of baclofen and its combination with ethanol is necessary to develop effective treatment measures for cases of non-fatal poisoning in human by this substance, and it will be useful in determining the immediate cause of death in the case of fatal poisoning. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.