Comparative analysis of the socio-demographic situation in the republics of the Siberian Federal District (Altai, Tuva, Khakassia); Сравнительный анализ социально-демографической ситуации в республиках Сибирского федерального округа (Алтай, Тува, Хакасия)

The article analyzes the socio-demographic characteristics of the republics of the Siberian Federal District of Russia: the Republic of Altai, the Republic of Tuva, and the Republic of Khakassia. These are neighboring territories whose indigenous populations share related ethnic cultures. A comparative analysis of the key social and demographic features of each region is conducted. The study is based on statistical data analysis from 1991 to 2023. It is shown that the republics exhibit significant interregional differences in the socio-demographic situation, both in quantitative and qualitative demographic characteristics. The Republic of Khakassia is in the most vulnerable position in terms of population growth. Low birth rates are accompanied by high mortality, outmigration, and a slight predominance of the older population over the younger. The Republic of Tuva remains the leader in birth rates both among neighboring republics and across the country. However, birth rates have been declining and now correspond to levels observed in the 1990s, as seen in other republics. The main demographic challenge for Tuva today is high negative migration. The Republic of Altai represents a region with moderate indicators. It has positive birth rates, an average mortality level, and in recent years has experienced migration inflows, with the proportion of young people exceeding that of the older generation. All these factors highlight Altai as a more favorable region in terms of socio-demographic conditions compared to its neighboring republics. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.