DYNAMIC CHANGES OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN THE EARLY STAGES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS; ДИНАМИКА МАРКЕРОВ ВОСПАЛЕНИЯ НА НАЧАЛЬНЫХ СТАДИЯХ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПОЧЕК ПРИ САХАРНОМ ДИАБЕТЕ 1-ГО ТИПА

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major factors contributing to the development and aggravation of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The accurate and convenient markers for early detection, estimation of progression, and adequate control of CKD therapy in individuals with DM are limited to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria. Given the role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of DM and CKD, the study aimed to assess indicators of inflammation and the correlation of those with GFR in patients with type 1 DM (T1D) and early stage CKD. The study involved healthy individuals (n = 14), patients with T1D showing no signs of CKD (n = 30), as well as patients with T1D and stage 1 CKD (n = 60), stage 2 CKD (n = 38), and stage 3 CKD (n = 31). GFR was calculated using the formula СКD-ЕРI (eGFR); serum levels of IL1β and TNFα, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ceruloplasmin (CP) were determined by enzyme immunoassay; the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte index and the leukocyte intoxication index (LII) were calculated. It has been found that serum concentrations of IL1β, TNFα, CRP, and CP are elevated; LII and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte index are increased. The inflammation and acute phase response severity progresses and reaches its maximum in stage 3b CKD, when the serum concentration of IL1β is increased 2.4-fold (р = 0.042), TNFα concentration by 34% (р = 0.005), CRP concentration 33-fold (р < 0.000), CP concentration by 73% (р = 0.008), LII 8.4-fold (р < 0.000), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte index 5-fold (р = 0.013). The integral kidney function indicator, eGFR, decreases with increasing serum levels of the above indicators. Thus, IL1β, TNFα, CRP, CP, LII, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte index can be considered as affordable and informative indicators for estimation of inflammation, the levels of which increase with progression of early stage CKD in patients with T1D. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.