A Neoteric View of sp2 Amorphous Carbon

Presented is a concentrated synopsis of facilities of empirical and virtual analytics that,\r\nonce applied, have provided a fully new vision of sp2 amorphous carbons. This study proved that\r\nthe solids are multilevel structures, started with the first-level basic structural units (BSUs) and\r\naccomplished as macroscopic agglomerates of globular structures, consisting, in its turn, of stacked\r\nBSUs. BSUs present necklaced graphene molecules, size, and shape of which are governed by the\r\nrelevant graphene domains while chemical composition in addition to basic carbon is controlled\r\nwith heteroatoms of the necklaces. This study shows that BSUs and stacks of BSUs determine the\r\nshort-range order of the solids and are the main subject of the applied analytics. The synopsis\r\nconsists of two parts related to empirical and virtual analytics. The former is composed of sections\r\nrelated to structural determination, total and atomic chemical content evaluation and elicitation of\r\nthe covalent bond composition. The second presents new analytic approaches based on the Digital\r\nTwins concept and virtual vibrational spectrometry. The synopsis is configured as an atlas composed\r\nof generalized pictures accompanied with necessary explanations to be discussed in detail in the\r\nextended references.