EVOLUTION OF LANDSCAPES OF THE VALDAI HILLS

The study discusses the impact of global climate change on the Valdai Hills, noting increases in air temperatures and precipitation levels over the past several decades. These changes are expected to alter the region's climate from continental to more Atlantic in nature. The shifting climate could lead to degradation of the area' soils, affecting their permeability and nutrient content. Changes in plant and animal diversity are also anticipated, with a decrease in coniferous tree species and an increase in broadleaved and small-leaved plants. Additionally, declines in insectivorous and large carnivore species are expected, likely due to human activity and habitat loss. Deforestation for logging and air pollution from industrial sources further threaten the environmental health of the region. Monitoring and mitigation efforts may be needed to address the ongoing challenges faced by the Valdai Hills.