КОСМИЧЕСКИЙ МУСОР КАК УГРОЗА КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ

The article provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges posed by space debris in Earth's orbit and the importance of addressing this issue to ensure the sustainability of space activities. It highlights the risks associated with increasing satellite launches and the potential consequences of collisions, emphasizing the need for cooperation among nations to mitigate space debris and maintain safety. The concept of space sustainability, as defined by the UN, is discussed in relation to preserving the outer space environment for the benefit of all. Various disposal options for spacecraft are outlined, with considerations for controlled reentry, graveyard orbit, and uncontrolled entry. The paper also delves into past and current initiatives such as Project Orion, ion beam shepherd technology, and active debris removal projects by agencies like JAXA and ESA. The challenges and complexities associated with these efforts, including high costs and political implications, are highlighted. Ultimately, the article underscores the importance of technological advancement, economic investment, political agreements, and international cooperation in achieving sustainable space governance and ensuring the cleanliness and functionality of Earth's orbits for future space activities.