Role of Serpin B3 and LRG1 as biomarkers in cervical cancer diagnosis and progression

Cervical cancer is a significant health concern for women, yet it is largely preventable. Persistent infections with oncogenic human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are the predominant cause, with viral oncoproteins facilitating neoplastic growth. Acute HPV infections often result in low-grade precursor lesions that typically resolve on their own in over 90% of cases, with fewer than 10% advancing to high-grade or invasive malignancies. As a result, the implementation of Pap smear screening programs has significantly decreased the incidence and mortality associated with cervical cancer, but it still remains a global health concern. Challenges such as low sensitivity and the unavailability of tests in rural areas pose significant hurdles. Novel biomarkers that monitor critical molecular events in histological or cytological samples are expected to improve the detection of high-risk lesions in both primary screening and triage scenarios.