NANOVACCINES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE

Through the unique properties of Nanoparticles, it has been shown that they can be used as synthetic antigens, vaccine delivery systems, adjuvants, and immunomodulators, increasing the accuracy of targeting, cross-presentation of peptides, and improving other factors. Even without adjuvants, Nanoparticles can be functionalized to attach selectively to specific cellular receptors, triggering a strong immune response, but as adjuvants, they can slow down antigen release and increase vaccine performance. With all the emerging and already employed forms of veterinary nanovaccines which utilise nano-emulsion particles, chitosan nanoparticles and many more, they start to offer wider possibilities for administration methods, practicality and vaccine effectiveness.