FEATURES OF HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN ACUTE POST-VIRAL RHINOSINUSITIS IN FORMER MEASLES PATIENTS

Measles, a highly contagious acute viral disease, transmitted by airborne droplets, is a leader among infectious diseases, both in terms of the incidence, and common complications affecting different organs and systems. According to WHO data of 2024, more than 17.3 million cases of measles were reported worldwide, and Russian Federation reported on more than 18,977 cases over the past year, according to Rospotrebnadzor data, and this number is continuously growing. The reported features of this disease over the winter-to-autumn epidemiological season 2024 include pronounced immune disorders and complications from the upper respiratory tract. Our aim was to assess the state of humoral immune response factors in acute post-viral rhinosinusitis in the persons who suffered measles. A prospective, open-label clinical trial was conducted. The level of measles-specific antibodies was studied by the content of IgG and IgM in blood serum of persons aged 19 to 55 years. Statistical data were collected, and the study was carried out at Hemotest LLC Laboratory, the Consulting and Diagnostic Center at the P. Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University, Moscow, Russia). The ELISA technique with Vector-Best test systems (Novosibirsk, Russia) were used to determine specific IgG and IdM in blood serum. The cytokine concentrations in nasal mucosa were determined using the ELISA method. In patients with acute post-measles rhinosinusitis, high serum concentrations of specific IgM antibodies were found in 25% of these cases, and high concentrations of IgG, in 75% of patients. In presence of acute rhinosinusitis, measles patients showed a 3.1-fold decrease in secretory IgA in nasal secretions against healthy controls, along with 2.35-fold increase in serum IL-1b, and 3.17-fold increase in IL-6, TNFα, IL-10, and IL-8 elevation was 3.78 times, 1.96 times, and 9.15 times respectively, thus suggesting an imbalance of inflammation regulatory molecules and inflammatory process in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the frequent complications in paramyxovirus infection. Its specific features presume an immunological imbalance, manifesting as increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decrease in IgG, IgA, and sIgA. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.