Recent progress and perspectives on lithium and non-lithium rechargeable battery systems

High-performance lithium-ion and non-lithium-ion batteries are increasingly attracting interest as a result of recent developments in energy storage, a timely and hot topic discussed in this comprehensive contribution. Composite electrodes, polymeric binders, and layered cathode materials are examples of novel materials that have demonstrated significant potential in improving battery efficiency. Methods to stabilize lithium metal anodes and increasing battery life via solid electrolyte interphase, lithium salt concentration and optimum additives are herein discussed. Additionally, advances in lithium-sulfur batteries are emphasized including the design of bimetallic MOF separators and unified pore microstructures. Comparisons of aqueous and non-aqueous systems in metal-air batteries are also included, along with most recent developments in lithium-air battery technology. Important elements that influence battery performance are recognized including separators, electrolytes, and porous air cathodes. This contribution offers important insights into the present issues and future prospects in the topic of power sources. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.