DONALD TRUMP AND MEXICO-UNITED STATES RELATIONS: UNCERTAINTY AND CHALLENGES; ДОНАЛЬД ТРАМП И ОТНОШЕНИЯ МЕЖДУ МЕКСИКОЙ И США: НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТЬ И ВЫЗОВЫ; DONALD TRUMP Y LAS RELACIONES ENTRE MÉXICO Y ESTADOS UNIDOS: INCERTIDUMBRE Y DESAFÍOS

This study examines the progress of the relationship between Mexico and the United States during Donald Trump’s administration, paying special attention to trade, migration, and security. The goal is to analyze Mexico’s tactic regarding protectionist policies, customs tariffs, and immigration restrictions. The findings demonstrate that Mexico has responded by diversifying markets, enhancing nearshoring, and adjusting its border infrastructure. Highlights include the updated USMCA, collaborations with Europe and Asia, and strategy to mitigate economic and migration effects. In the scientific field, the research contributes to the understanding of how to manage asymmetric relations through diplomacy, innovation, and diversification. Its importance lies in providing a framework for assessing the strategic responses of developing economies to geopolitical and trade challenges in contexts of global tension. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.