The Policy of Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire in South Arabia in the Second Half of the 19th Century

The study is devoted to the peculiarities of the policy of the British and Ottoman Empires in the 19th century in South Arabia. The article highlights the creation of the British colony of Aden and the restoration of Ottoman sovereignty over Yemen in the second half of the 19th century. It also reveals the reforms that Great Britain carried out in the colony of Aden and the Ottoman Empire carried out in Yemen in the field of administration, judicial, tax and military systems. It is concluded that the Ottoman Empire, trying to fully integrate Yemen into the empire and make it an ordinary province, faced serious resistance from the local population and was eventually forced to grant Yemen a high degree of autonomy. From the very beginning, Great Britain pursued a flexible colonial policy in Aden, which proved to be more effective than the policy of the Ottoman Empire. The practice of control of dependent territories by developed countries through political and economic instruments was further developed in the politics of neo-colonialism of the 20th century. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.