Modern approaches to surgical treatment of cystocele: A literature review

Relevance: Cystocele is a common and common condition in women, causing severe functional impairment of the bladder and causing significant discomfort in a woman's life. In this regard, diagnosis and selection of optimal surgical treatment for cystocele remain important problems in medical practice. A review of the literature on this topic will allow us to systematize and summarize information about existing methods of diagnosis and surgical treatment of cystocele, which is relevant and significant for improving the treatment results of this disease. The study aimed to identify modern approaches to the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cystocele, evaluate the effectiveness of various surgical intervention methods, and determine optimal treatment tactics for patients with cystocele and pelvic organ prolapses. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted to study the most effective surgical interventions at the present stage in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Results: Cystocele is one of the most common types of pelvic organ prolapse in women and is often associated with stress urinary incontinence. Treatment tactics for cystocele are generally divided into expectant, conservative, and surgical treatment. Determination of the severity of cystocele and the choice of surgical treatment method should be based on a comprehensive assessment of symptoms, examination results, and the patient's wishes. The main methods of surgical treatment of prolapse in this article are plication of the pubocervical fascia in the midline, sacral colpopexy, and installation of mesh prostheses. Conclusion: Thus, the literature review confirms the importance of early diagnosis and adequate selection of surgical treatment methods for cystocele, including using a sling, to achieve optimal treatment results in this category of patients. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.