The Influence of Craniometric Variation on the Position of Mandibular Foramen: A Cadaveric Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objectives: the mandibular foramen is an essential anatomic landmark in performing various dental and surgical procedures, including inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). However, its position may vary based on the individual morpho-functional features of the skull and face. This study aims to conduct a personalized assessment of the location of the mandibular foramen in various shapes of skulls, faces, and mandibles. Materials and Methods: this anatomic morphometric cross-sectional study was performed using one hundred and six (n = 106) certified human cadaver heads of both sexes. The cranial index (CI) and Izard’s facial index (FI) were calculated, the linear anatomic parameters of the skull and mandible were measured, the location of the mandibular foramen was identified, and the shapes of the skulls and mandibles were determined. Quantitative statistical data were obtained based on the location of the mandibular foramen, considering different shapes of skulls and faces. Results: there is a significant correlation between the location of the mandibular foramen, the high lengthy index (HLI) of the mandible, and the longitudinal latitude index (LLI) of the mandibular process. Conclusions: personalized assessment of the mandibular foramen based on a comprehensive analysis of craniometric characteristics can contribute to preventing unwanted dental and surgical complications, such as inferior alveolar nerve damage. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.