Features of grammatical representation of words of state category in Russian, English and German languages

The paper is devoted to the consideration of the fea- tures of the grammatical representation of words of the state category in the Russian, English and German languages. This issue is relevant because currently the research does not show terminological uniformity and consistency regarding the qualifica- tion of the semantic-grammatical nature of words of the state category in different languages and their status among other parts of speech. A unified scien- tific approach is observed only on the issue of the ability of these lexemes to denote various emotional- expressive states and implement the function of the main member of a one-part impersonal sentence. The following methods are used in the research: the method of comprehensive theoretical analysis of clas- sical and modern scientific literature on this issue, the descriptive method, the method of analysis and generalization. The authors touch upon the problem of determining the status and nomination of words of the state category in the languages being compared, indicate the historical aspect of considering words of the state category in the scientific literature, and consider the plan for expressing morphological and syntactic representation in Russian, English and German. It is noted that in the Russian language, unlike the English and German languages, there are pronounced grammatical features of the state category: morphological invariability, the presence of a tense category, the ability to control the case forms of nouns and pronouns, the syntactic function of the main member of a one-part impersonal sentence. The conducted comparative analysis made it pos- sible to prove that, regardless of the morphological conditionality and grammatical markers of words of the state category, represented in Russian, English and German, this part of speech is a grammatical universal, realized in different linguistic pictures of the world.