Magnetite Metal–Organic Frameworks: Applications in Environmental Remediation of Heavy Metals, Organic Contaminants, and Other Pollutants

Due to the increasing environmental pollution caused by human activities,\r\nenvironmental remediation has become an important subject for humans and environmental\r\nsafety. The quest for beneficial pathways to remove organic and inorganic contaminants has\r\nbeen the theme of considerable investigations in the past decade. The easy and quick\r\nseparation made magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) a popular method for the removal\r\nof different pollutants from the environment. Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class\r\nof porous materials best known for their ultrahigh porosity. Moreover, these materials can be\r\neasily modified with useful ligands and form various composites with varying characteristics,\r\nthus rendering them an ideal candidate as adsorbing agents for MSPE. Herein, research on\r\nMSPE, encompassing MOFs as sorbents and Fe3O4 as a magnetic component, is surveyed for environmental applications. Initially,\r\nassorted pollutants and their threats to human and environmental safety are introduced with a brief introduction to MOFs and\r\nMSPE. Subsequently, the deployment of magnetic MOFs (MMOFs) as sorbents for the removal of various organic and inorganic\r\npollutants from the environment is deliberated, encompassing the outlooks and perspectives of this field.